Selecting a livestock
guard dog; what is the difference between a full-time livestock guard dog,
general farm guardian, or family companion?
The first step in selecting a LGD, is determining what role
you expect him to perform. This decision can determine which puppy you choose
from a litter. It is also essential in correctly providing his earliest
experiences and training. Individual dogs from the livestock guard dog breeds
perform all these roles, but some breeds are better suited to one job over
another. Remember that males and females
perform these jobs equally well.
A full-time livestock
guardian means just that – the dog lives with his stock 24/7 – whether in
the fields or barns. He does not come in the house. He does not play with the
other family dogs in the yard. The attention you give him should all happen
where he works and lives. He is content without constant human contact and may
actually seem somewhat aloof. He has inherited the good guardian traits of low
prey drive, attentiveness, trustworthiness, and protection of his stock. And,
most importantly, his early experiences were well shaped and he was carefully
supervised throughout his first 18 – 24 months. We will be learning how to do this
in several up coming posts.
However, the full-time LGD still needs to be socialized and
handled. In the past, some LGD users
advocated raising a puppy away from almost all human contact. Frankly, this is a very dangerous idea. LGDs
must be leash trained, accustomed to nail trimming and basic grooming, and receptive to handling
from you and your veterinarian. If your
vet doesn’t make farm calls, your LGD also needs to be able to ride in your car.
Appropriate attention and handling will not prevent the puppy from bonding to
or socializing to his stock. Again, this should all happen in the pasture, not
your house or yard.
A full time LGD also deserves human interaction. When interest in using LGDs was renewed in
the 1970s, there was a mistaken impression that these dogs worked completely
alone. In reality, in their homelands these dogs were usually in the company of
shepherds. Either the dogs were out with the shepherds during the day and home
at night; or the sheep, shepherds, and dogs camped out in the mountains
throughout the summer. Even at night when the dogs patrolled the grazing
animals or slept near the penned stock, the shepherds were close by. This was
an affectionate, working partnership. Here in North America, we often ask our
dogs to do something much more difficult – to live with the stock and only see
the shepherd only once or twice a day or sometimes not for days at a time. When
we think about the traditional LGD experience, we see how many dogs from the
LGD breeds also work well as either general farm guardians or family
companions.
A general farm
guardian sleeps outside of the house – perhaps in a doghouse, a garage, or
a barn. He patrols the areas around your
farm buildings and surrounding fields or paddocks. He may accompany you as you
tend your stock during the day. If you need to do chores in the dark, you can
have no better companion. He may spend the day with the stock, provided he has
been appropriately socialized and trained with these animals. As long as he has
free access to his patrol area, he will protect your home, your outbuildings,
and adjacent fields – alerting you to situations that require your assistance. Many
LGDs protect poultry by patrolling outside the poultry enclosures, not inside. Without
complete 24-hour access to pastures, he may not be able to provide total
protection from predators, but if your farm is fairly compact and he has access
to areas adjacent to your pens and pastures, he will do a good job of warning
predators away during the night.
For many families this is a comfortable compromise, as they
are free to invite their LGD inside the house for short visits and family pets
can interact. A quick observation - some LGDs are not comfortable inside and
may get restless quickly. If this option is what you are looking for, some LGD
are breeds better choices for this type of job and more amenable to meeting
visitors and family friends. These breeds have traditions as guardians of rural
homes and family farms.
To raise a successful farm guardian, you need to give him
the modified experience of a full-time working LGD and a family companion. He
should spend some time penned next to stock during the early period of
intensive bonding. Take him on a leash as you do your regular chores. Praise
good behavior and gently scold undesirable behavior. Pay close attention to
fencing and gates in order to keep him in the areas where he is permitted. LGDs
are naturally guardians of large areas, which may extend beyond your property. At
the same time, provide the socialization and training necessary for a good
family companion dog. Do not bring him
inside to sleep unless you want him to be a family companion rather than a farm
guardian.
To be a family
companion is a challenge for both the LGD and his owner. LGD puppies are
big, adorable goofballs and adults are striking, powerful dogs, so it is
understandable that people are drawn to them as potential family companions. For
the most part, LGD breeds were never traditional housedogs, although some
breeds are more amenable to the comings and goings of family and friends. Some
breeders may be very reluctant to sell a puppy to a home in the city or suburb,
even to an experienced, dedicated owner. You need to ask yourself these
questions before considering an LGD as a family companion:
·
Do you truly understand the intrinsic protective
nature of these dogs? As an adult, a LGD WILL respond to perceived threats both
human and animal.
·
Do you have the experience and commitment to
train and socialize him? He will quickly become a very large and powerful dog,
often described by long-time owners as a “self-thinker” and not highly
trainable. Will all family members be comfortable with this dog and able to
control him?
·
How will you keep him safe and secure? LGDs dig
under and climb over typical fencing with ease. You will need very robust and
tall fencing to contain him. Invisible fencing will not work.
·
How will you provide for his exercise needs?
LGDs are not reliable off leash or at a dog park.
·
How will you prevent boredom? LGDs are working
dogs. If you don’t give them a job, they will create one – barking loudly for
hours at perceived threats, digging immense holes, destroying furniture, etc.
Barking, shedding, and an owner’s inability to control or
contain his dog are the primary reasons LGDs kept as companion dogs are turning
into rescue groups. Despite all these warnings, LGDs can and do make excellent
companions – for the right family in the right situation. A rural home can provide lots of exercise and
activity for an LGD, while he provides excellent protection for the homestead.
